The Effect of Play Activities for COVID-19 Positive and MIS-C Pediatric Patients on the Anxiety and Fear of Children and Their Parents

Aim: This study aims to determine the effects of play activities for COVID-19 positive and MIS-C pediatric patients on the anxiety and fear of children and their parents. Method(s): This is an experimental study that was prepared through STROBE. The study population consisted of 38 children treated in a university hospital COVID-19 unit. The Children's Anxiety Meter-State and the Children's Fear Scale were administered before and after the play activities. The parents' fear and anxiety were assessed using the COVID-19 Phobia Scale and the Beck Anxiety Inventory. The book and coloring set was prepared in advance and delivered to the experimental group in a package. After the sets were given to the parents, the parents read the book to their children the same day. Afterward, they were asked to color pictures of coronavirus precautions together with the children. SPSS 22.00 package program was used to analyze the study data. The Mann-Whitney U test was used to compare independent groups, and Wilcoxon analysis was used to analyze dependent variables before and after the play activities. Result(s): Based on the children's anxiety and fear scores in the experimental group, significant differences were found before and after the play activities and significant differences between the anxiety scores (<0.05) of parents and children. However, no significant difference was found between post-play anxiety and fear scores of children in the experimental group and the scores of the control group. Discussion(s): The experimental group had low mean anxiety and fear scores after the play activities. Play activities should be used to reduce the anxiety and fear of children who are treated in isolation in hospitals during the COVID-19 pandemic. Even if children are restricted to isolation rooms, their daily routines should be maintained, and their parents should be supported.Copyright © 2021 Croatian Paediatric Society. All rights reserved.

Evaluation of COVID-19 fear and nutrition habits in healthcare workers

Aim: This study aims to evaluate the COVID-19 fear level and nutrition habits of healthcare workers. Material(s) and Method(s): This research was conducted with 208 healthcare workers in Konya City Hospital and Meram State Hospital. Participants filled out the sociodemographic information form, COVID-19 Phobia Scale and Three-Factor Eating Questionnaire. The SPSS 22,0 program was used for data analysis. Result(s): Among participants between the ages of 18-65 included in the study, 59.1% (n=123) were female and 40.9% (n=85) were male. The average age of participants was found to be 29.32 +/-0.43 years. In the COVID-19 Phobia Scale, scores of women in psychological (p<0.001), somatic (p=0.001), social (p=0.001), economic (p=0.001) sub-dimensions and total score (p=0.026) were found to be higher than those of men. Fear levels of married participants were higher in somatic (p=0.018) and economic (p=0.044) sub-dimensions. Scores of obese and overweight participants' in psychological (p=0.002), somatic (p=0.017), social (p=0.028), economic (p=0.011) sub-dimensions and in total score (p=0.001) were found to be lower. The total score of the Three-Factor Nutrition Questionnaire (p=0.017) and emotional eating levels (p=0.006) of healthcare workers who had COVID-19 before were found to be higher. It was detected that there was a positive correlation between the degree of emotional eating and the social sub-dimension (p=0.048), and there was a negative relationship between the degree of consciously restricting eating and the psychological sub-dimension (p=0.009). Discussion(s): Nutritional habits have changed due to isolation conditions, sedentary lifestyles and the need for supplemental food. The stressful and risky working environment of healthcare workers affected their fear levels. With the increase in the fear level, eating habits have also changed. As in all pandemics, policies should be followed to reduce the level of fear of healthcare workers, who are among risky groups, during the COVID-19 pandemic process. In this process, the importance of nutrition should be emphasized and negative habits should be avoided.Copyright © 2022, Derman Medical Publishing. All rights reserved.

Validation of the Chinese version of the COVID-19 Phobia Scale among Chinese college students.

Background and objective: Different languages and versions of the COVID-19 Phobia Scale (C19P-S) have been developed and tested in several countries. Chinese college students are a large vulnerable group and are susceptible to psychological problems during the COVID-19 pandemic. However, no studies had yet examined the reliability and validity of the C19P-S in China among college students group. This study aims to evaluate the COVID-19-related phobia of Chinese college students and examine the reliability and validity of this scale. Methods: A total of 1689 Chinese college students participated in this study from April 27 to May 7, 2022. They finished the online questionnaire including demographic information and C19P-S. Cronbach's alpha and split-half reliability were used to examine the internal consistency of the scale. Confirmatory factor analysis was further used to examine the scale's construct validity. Convergence validity was also confirmed. Results: This scale in Chinese had high reliability and validity. The Cronbach's alpha and split-half reliability of the total scale were 0.960 and 0.935, respectively. The construct validity-related indicators of the total scale met the standards (RMSEA = 0.064, IFI = 0.907, TLI = 0.906, and CFI = 0.907). Regarding the subscales, the composite reliability (CR) and average variance extracted (AVE) also met the cutoff values (CR > 0.7 and AVE >0.5). Comparison between gender groups showed that total and subscale scores between male and female students differed significantly. Conclusion: The Chinese version of the C19P-S was appropriate for evaluating phobic symptoms among Chinese college students. Therefore, this tool could be used to evaluate the mental health of college students in the future.

Examnation of the Relationship between Teachers' Level of Conscious Mindfulness and Level of Coronaphobia

Introduction: This study was conducted to examine the relationship between teachers' level of conscious mindfulness and level of coronaphobia. Material(s) and Method(s): This research was made in a descriptive type and the universe of the research;It consisted of teachers working in Erzurum city center. The sample of the study consisted of 450 teachers reached by the Easy Sampling method. Personal information collection form, conscious mindfulness scale, and Covid-19 fear scale were used to collect data. In the analysis of the data collected in the research;percentage, mean, standard deviation, ANOVA, Man-Whitney U, and correlation analyzes were applied and these analyzes were performed using the SPSS-20 (Statistical Package for the Social Science-20) package program. Finding(s): In this study;A significant opposite relationship was found between teachers' mindfulness levels and coronaphobia levels. (r=-.219,p<.01). As a result of the study, the coronaphobia levels of female teachers were found to be significantly higher than male teachers (U=16102,500, p<.05). A positive correlation was found between teachers' coronaphobia levels during the pandemic and their online shopping for food (r=.198,p=.001) and their shopping for clothing (r=.131,p=0.024). Conclusion(s): As a result of this study, it was determined that the level of coronaphobia decreased as the level of conscious mindfulness of teachers increased. In addition, female teachers were found to have higher coronaphobia levels. It was determined that as the conscious mindfulness level of teachers decreased, there was an increase in clothing and food shopping expenditures. Copyright © 2022 Wolters Kluwer Medknow Publications. All rights reserved.

Reliability and validity of the Chinese version of the COVID-19 Phobia Scale.

BACKGROUND: The COVID-19 pandemic has become a source of fear worldwide and has negative mental health effects on the general population. In 2022, the epidemic continues to be characterized by many points, widespread and frequent in China, and the situation is serious and complex. To provide an effective and scientific tool, the study validated the Chinese version of the COVID-19 Phobia Scale (C19P-SC). METHODS: This study selected 1138 Chinese individuals (age ranged 13 to 80). RESULTS: Cronbach's alpha coefficient for the C19P-SC was 0.93 (the coefficients of the four dimensions ranged from 0.75 to 0.85). The results of the confirmatory factor analysis supported the four-factor structure of the C19P-SC. Meanwhile, there was a positive and significant correlation between coronaphobia and state anxiety (r = 0.48, p < 0.001). The metric invariance hypothesis and the scalar invariance hypothesis were valid in the different subgroups. Significant multivariate effects of gender, education level, and identity differences on coronaphobia were found. CONCLUSIONS: The Chinese version of the COVID-19 Phobia Scale has good psychometric properties and is suitable for measuring COVID-19 phobia in Chinese individuals.

Can History of COVID-19 Be Definitive on Coronaphobia and Vaccine Attitudes?

Introduction: To stop the transmission and rapid spread of COVID-19, 60-75% of the population must have immunity. The most appropriate way to ensure this immunity seems to be the widespread use of vaccines. In this study, it was aimed to evaluate the anxiety and control perceptions related to the pandemic in individuals with and without COVID-19 disease. In addition, the relationship between having the disease and vaccine hesitancy was examined. Material(s) and Method(s): Four hundred and thirty-seven participants were included in this study. Participants were evaluated over three groups (Group 1: People who had not contracted COVID-19 before;Group 2: People who had COVID-19 with home treatment without hospitalization;Group 3: People who had contracted COVID-19 and were treated in the hospital). The Perception of Control of COVID-19 Scale (PCo-COVID-19), Attitudes Towards COVID-19 Vaccine Scale, COVID-19 Phobia Scale (CP19-S) were filled in by the participants. Result(s): This study included 290 COVID-19 patients (148 outpatients and 142 inpatients) and 147 participants without COVID-19 disease. Participants with COVID-19 disease had lower PCo-COVID-19 micro control and controllability scores than those without. This finding was interpreted as the individual measures taken to avoid getting the disease seem less sufficient and the controllability of the disease is thought to be lower in those who have had the disease. In addition, positive correlations were found between vaccination attitudes and perception of control subscales (PCo-COVID-19- Macro-control, PCo-COVID-19- Micro-control and PCo-COVID-19-Controllability). Vaccination attitudes were found to be more positive in those with high control perception scale scores. Similar results were obtained in terms of coronaphobia in participants who did not have the disease and those who had the disease at home. However, significantly higher coronaphobia scores (CP19-S) were obtained in inpatients compared to the other two groups. Conclusion(s): Community immunity is important to stop the transmission and rapid spread of COVID-19, which is possible with vaccination. Vaccine hesitancy may hinder successful control of the COVID-19 pandemic. This situation should be considered when preparing health policies. © Copyright 2022 by Flora.

Evaluating the Factorial Validation of Coronavirus 2019 Phobia Scale in a Sample of Nigerian Medical Students

Background/Objective: Coronavirus-2019 (Covid-19) emerged in December 2019, causing major changes in people's social lives and other human activities. In Nigeria, there is no scale for evaluating Covid-19 fear. The 20-item Covid-19 phobia scale (C19PS) created by Arpaci et al. was validated in this study (2020). Method: The validation of the C19PS was done using 347 Nigeran medical students from universities in southeast Nigeria, and the data gathered were subjected to principal factoring axis (PFA) analysis with varimax rotation to explore its exploratory factor analysis. Besides, the confirmatory factor analysis of C19PS was done using structural equation modelling. The root mean square error of approximation (RMSEA) and comparative fit index (CFI) were used to assess the model's fit to the data. Results: In a sample of Nigerian medical students, C19PS was shown to have strong overall reliability (α =.817) and model fit (RMSEA =.040, CFI =.968). Conclusion: The C19PS is a reliable tool for determining whether or not someone has Covid-19 phobia.

Psychometric properties of the Chinese version of the COVID-19 Phobia Scale among Chinese undergraduates

We examined the validity and reliability of the COVID-19 Phobia Scale (C19P-S) in the Chinese cultural context. We translated the original version of the C19P-S into Chinese and assessed its structure through exploratory factor analysis, confirmatory factor analysis, internal consistency reliability tests, and test–retest reliability tests. The Chinese version of the C19P-S comprises 20 items classified into four dimensions: psychological, psychosomatic, economic, and social. According to the statistical results, the scale has adequate psychometric properties in the Chinese cultural context and, therefore, can be used to assess the COVID-19 phobia of Chinese undergraduates. [ FROM AUTHOR] Copyright of Social Behavior & Personality: an international journal is the property of Society for Personality Research and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full . (Copyright applies to all s.)

THE EFFECT OF RELIGIOUS COPING ON GERIATRIC ANXIETY IN A GROUP OF OLDER TURKISH WOMEN DURING THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC PERIOD

Purpose: This study aims to determine the effect of religious coping on geriatric anxiety in a group of older Turkish women during the COVID-19 pandemic period. Methods: Implementing a cross-sectional research design, this study was conducted on 356 women who visited the women’s health clinics, for various reasons, in a hospital in Elazig, Turkey, between January and February 2021. Data were collected using a sociodemographic form, the COVID-19 Phobia Scale, the Religious Coping Scale, and the Geriatric Anxiety Inventory. Results: The study determined that 78.4% of the women were between 60 and 70 years old, 43.0% had a basic level of literacy, 82.9% were married, 45.8% had equal income and expenditures, and 69.9% were housewives. Data showed 87.9% of the women had chronic diseases and 45.2% had difficulties accessing hospital services. The relationship between geriatric anxiety and the age and marital status of participants was significant. Women aged 71 to 81 years and single women had a higher risk of geriatric anxiety;unemployed women were found to have more geriatric anxiety. Those with geriatric anxiety perceived their health status to be moderate. The negative religious coping score was found to be statistically significantly higher in the older women who experienced geriatric anxiety. Conclusion: These results reveal the importance of supporting older women in coping with fear and geriatric anxiety. Old age often brings loneliness and loss of income for women and those forced to remain at home due to restrictions during the COVID-19 pandemic period need to be considered holistically.

LEVEL OF CORONAPHOBIA IN OLDER ADULT PATIENTS

Introduction: Coronaphobia is defined as a specific phobia of the novel coronavirus in the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. This study aimed to evaluate the level of coronaphobia caused by the COVID-19 pandemic in older adult patients with musculoskeletal problems who visited an outpatient clinic and to compare the results with those of patients under 65 years of age. Our secondary aim was to determine whether the level of coronaphobia in older adult patients is related to their sociodemographic characteristics. Materials and Methods: This single-center, descriptive study was conducted between January 2022 and March 2022. A total of 100 patients who visited the physical therapy and rehabilitation outpatient clinic due to musculoskeletal problems were included in the study. The patients were divided into two groups. Group 1 (n=50;39 females, 11 males) comprised patients aged ≥65 years. Group 2 (n=50;36 females, 14 males) comprised patients aged <65 years. Sociodemographic data of the patients were recorded. All patients in both groups completed the COVID-19 Phobia Scale (C19P-S). Results: The C19P-S total score and the psychological, psychosomatic, social, and economic subscale scores were significantly higher in the older adult patient group than in the control group (p<0.001). Additionally, no significant relationship was found between the level of coronaphobia and sociodemographic characteristics in the older adult patient group (p>0.05). Conclusion: Our results showed that older adult patients had higher levels of coronaphobia. Early recognition of coronaphobia in older adult patients, and making interventions for its treatment are important.

Portuguese Version of COVID-19 Perceived Risk Scale and COVID-19 Phobia Scale: Psychometric Properties.

The COVID-19 pandemic scenario has a psychological impact on individuals and society. A higher level of perceived risk concerning COVID-19 has been found when compared to other potential health threats. A misperception of risk in contrast with the real risk may lead people to develop disruptive cognitive, affective, or behavioral responses to the COVID-19 pandemic, namely, coronaphobia. Validated instruments are needed to evaluate such responses. This work aims to validate the COVID-19 Perceived Risk Scale (C19PRS) and the COVID-19 Phobia Scale (C19PS) in the Portuguese population. The two scales were translated from English to Portuguese using the back-translation technique. The cultural adaptation was framed in the context of establishing the validity and reliability of the instruments. In two studies, C19PRS and C19PS were validated for the adult Portuguese population (N = 1122; women = 725 (64.6%); mean age of 31.91 years old) through exploratory factorial analysis, followed by a confirmatory factorial analysis. Convergent validity was calculated by composite reliability (CR) and average variance extracted (AVE) values. Discriminant validity was assessed by square roots of the AVE values and their comparison with the C19PRS and C19PS dimensions' cross-correlations. Both C19PRS and C19PS present a good adjustment model and solid reliability and validity and have significant correlations with fear of COVID-19 and COVID-19 anxiety scales.

The Persian Version of the COVID-19 Phobia Scale (Persian-C19P-S) and the Differences in COVID-19-Related Phobic Reactions in Patients with Anxiety Disorders.

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a pandemic outbreak increasing several psychological distress, such as anxiety and phobia, and may affect patients with anxiety disorders. A scale has been recently designed to assess COVID-19-related phobic reactions named the COVID-19 Phobia Scale (C19P-S). The present study aimed to evaluate factor structure, reliability, and validity of the Persian version of the C19P-S (Persian-C19P-S) in patients with anxiety disorders and to compare COVID-19-related phobia among these patients. Three hundred patients with anxiety disorders completed the Persian-C19P-S and other scales assessing anxiety traits (e.g., the Short Health Anxiety Inventory (SHAI), the Health Concerns Questionnaire-54 (HCQ-54), and the Patient Health Questionnaire-4 (PHQ-4)) and COVID-19-related distress (e.g., the COVID Stress Scales (CSS) and the Fear of COVID-19 Scale (FCV-19)). The results showed that the Persian-C19P-S replicated the four-factor structure of the original C19P-S. Internal consistency and test-retest reliability coefficients evidenced the reliability of the scale. The validity of the scale (convergent and discriminant validity) was confirmed. Patients who had generalized anxiety and panic disorders showed higher phobic reactions related to COVID-19 than those with social anxiety disorder and specific phobia. This study indicates that the Persian version of the C19P-S is a valid scale to be used in Iranian patients with anxiety disorders to evaluate COVID-19-related phobia. Moreover, COVID-19-related phobic reactions are higher in some specific types of anxiety disorders.